Prepositions:
* Of: This is the most common translation of "de" when it is used as a preposition. For example, "la ville de Paris" translates to "the city of Paris."
* From: This is another common translation of "de," particularly when indicating origin. For example, "venir de Paris" translates to "come from Paris."
* From, out of: This is used when indicating something taken or removed from something else. For example, "faire un gâteau de fruits" translates to "make a cake out of fruit."
* With: "de" can also indicate the use of something. For example, "un sac de cuir" translates to "a leather bag."
* In: This is used when indicating a location. For example, "une maison de campagne" translates to "a country house."
Other:
* "De" can also be part of a contraction: such as "d'un" (from a) or "d'une" (from a).
* "De" can also be part of a negative expression: like "ne... pas de" (no).
Therefore, to provide an accurate English translation of "de," you need to consider the context in which it is used.