Here are some key characteristics of pidgins:
* Simplified grammar: Pidgins often have simpler grammar rules than the languages they are based on. For example, they might have fewer verb tenses or noun cases.
* Limited vocabulary: Pidgins typically have a smaller vocabulary than the languages they are based on. They tend to focus on the most essential words and phrases for everyday communication.
* Borrowed words: Pidgins borrow words from the languages of their speakers. The dominant language usually contributes the most words, but other languages may also contribute.
* Limited expressiveness: Pidgins often have limited expressiveness, meaning they can be difficult to use for complex or nuanced communication.
* Usually spoken, not written: Pidgins are primarily spoken languages, and often lack a standardized written form.
Examples of pidgins:
* Tok Pisin (Papua New Guinea) - Based on English
* Sango (Central African Republic) - Based on French
* Chinese Pidgin English (China) - Based on English
* Russenorsk (Russia and Norway) - Based on Russian and Norwegian
Important points to remember:
* Pidgins are not "broken" languages. They are functional languages that serve the communication needs of their speakers.
* Pidgins can evolve over time and become more complex, sometimes developing into creole languages, which are more fully developed languages with their own grammar and vocabulary.
Overall, pidgins are fascinating examples of how language can adapt and evolve in response to social and historical circumstances.