1. Borrowing & Adaptation:
* From other languages: This is common for new concepts or technologies that are already represented in other languages.
* Example: "Computer" in American Sign Language (ASL) was borrowed from the English word, with the sign representing a keyboard and mouse.
* From established signs: Signers often use already existing signs and modify their meaning, shape, or placement to represent new concepts.
* Example: The sign for "computer" was modified to represent "laptop" by adding a smaller movement for a laptop screen.
2. Creation of New Signs:
* Iconic signs: These signs visually represent the concept they refer to.
* Example: The sign for "butterfly" mimics the fluttering of wings.
* Metaphorical signs: These signs use metaphors to represent the concept.
* Example: The sign for "love" can be a gesture of a hand cupping someone's cheek.
* Arbitrary signs: These signs have no inherent visual connection to the concept. They are created through agreement within the Deaf community.
* Example: The sign for "tomorrow" has no obvious visual connection to the concept.
3. Influence of Technology:
* Visual representation of technology: Signs for new technologies like "smartphone" and "cloud" are often based on how these technologies are visually represented.
* Online resources: The internet and social media have enabled signers to share new signs and contribute to the evolution of sign language vocabulary.
4. Community Agreement:
* Collective decision-making: New signs are often agreed upon through discussions within the Deaf community.
* Sign language teachers and organizations: These groups can play a role in popularizing and disseminating new signs.
5. Dynamic and Ever-Evolving:
* Continuously adapting: Sign language is a dynamic system, and new signs are constantly being created and modified to reflect new concepts and changes in society.
* Regional variation: Just like spoken languages, sign languages have regional variations. New signs might be specific to certain communities.
It's important to note that the process of adding new signs to sign language vocabulary is often collaborative and involves the community. This ensures that the language stays relevant and reflects the experiences and needs of its users.