Evidence for French Knowledge:
* French Words in His Plays: Shakespeare uses a few French words and phrases in his plays, mostly borrowed for dramatic effect or to add color. However, this doesn't necessarily indicate fluency.
* Trade and Diplomacy: During Shakespeare's time, England had significant trade and diplomatic ties with France. It's likely he encountered French speakers through trade, travel, or even at court.
* French Literature: Shakespeare was an avid reader, and French literature was widely available in English translation. He may have acquired knowledge of the language through reading, though this wouldn't guarantee speaking fluency.
Arguments Against French Fluency:
* No Direct Evidence: There are no records of Shakespeare speaking French, studying it, or travelling to France.
* Limited Usage: The French vocabulary in his plays is limited and often used for comic effect rather than natural conversation.
Conclusion:
It's more likely that Shakespeare had some exposure to French, perhaps enough to understand basic phrases and read simple texts. However, it's highly unlikely he was fluent in the language. His knowledge was probably limited to what he encountered through trade, literature, and his social circles.
Further Research:
* The French Language in Shakespeare's England: This could provide insights into the extent of French influence in Elizabethan England.
* Translations of French Plays: Examining how French plays were translated and adapted in Shakespeare's time could offer clues about the linguistic understanding of the period.
Ultimately, the question of Shakespeare's French fluency remains a fascinating mystery. While we may never have a definitive answer, exploring the possibilities based on available evidence can offer valuable insights into his life and works.