Common and widely known:
* Capitalism: An economic system based on private ownership of the means of production.
* Communism: A political and economic ideology that advocates for a classless society.
* Socialism: A political and economic ideology advocating for social ownership and democratic control of the means of production.
* Feminism: The advocacy of women's rights on the basis of the equality of the sexes.
* Racism: Prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against a person or people on the basis of their membership in a particular racial or ethnic group.
* Nationalism: Patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts.
* Individualism: The moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, or social outlook that emphasizes the moral worth of the individual.
* Realism: The attitude or practice of accepting a situation as it is and being prepared to deal with it accordingly.
* Optimism: Hopefulness and confidence about the future or the success of something.
* Pessimism: A tendency to see the worst aspect of things or believe that the worst will happen.
Less common but still important:
* Chauvinism: Excessive patriotism, especially in the form of aggressive or warlike foreign policy.
* Fatalism: The belief that all events are predetermined and inevitable.
* Nihilism: The belief that life is meaningless and that all values are baseless.
* Existentialism: A philosophy that emphasizes individual existence, freedom, and responsibility.
* Materialism: A tendency to consider material possessions and physical comfort as more important than spiritual values.
* Egotism: The practice of talking and thinking about oneself excessively.
* Hedonism: The pursuit of pleasure; sensual self-indulgence.
* Cynicism: An inclination to believe that people are motivated by selfishness and that nothing is good or sincere.
* Scepticism: A questioning attitude, doubt.
* Stoicism: An ancient Greek school of philosophy emphasizing virtue, reason, and living in accordance with nature.
This is just a small sample, and there are many other words ending in "-ism" depending on the field of study or context.