* The Norman Invasion of 1066: This invasion brought the Norman French language to England, which significantly influenced the existing Anglo-Saxon vocabulary. Many words related to government, law, religion, and nobility are derived from Norman French. Examples include "government," "justice," "religion," and "duke."
* The Viking Invasions from the 8th to 11th centuries: While the Vikings' impact on English vocabulary is less dramatic than the Normans, they still introduced a significant number of words, particularly related to navigation, warfare, and everyday life. Examples include "berserk," "skull," "knife," and "husband."
It's important to note that these invasions didn't merely add words to English; they also shaped its grammar and pronunciation. This complex interaction of languages makes English the diverse and rich language it is today.