1. Nativism (Innatism): This theory, championed by Noam Chomsky, posits that humans are born with an innate capacity for language. It suggests we have a "Language Acquisition Device" (LAD) in our brains that allows us to acquire language easily and rapidly. This theory explains the universal grammar across languages and the rapid language learning in childhood.
2. Behaviorism: This theory, proposed by B.F. Skinner, emphasizes the role of the environment in language learning. It suggests that children learn language through imitation, reinforcement, and conditioning. This means that children learn by hearing language spoken around them and being rewarded for correct usage.
3. Interactionism: This theory combines elements of both nativism and behaviorism. It suggests that language acquisition is a result of both innate abilities and environmental factors. This view acknowledges the role of the LAD, but also stresses the importance of social interaction and feedback in language development.
These three theories offer different perspectives on language acquisition, and each has its strengths and weaknesses. Ultimately, the most accurate view likely involves a combination of these factors, where innate abilities interact with environmental influences to shape language development.