1. Change the Tense:
* Present Tense in Indirect Speech becomes Past Tense in Direct Speech.
* Example: He said, "I am happy." (Direct)
* He said that he was happy. (Indirect)
* Past Tense in Indirect Speech becomes Past Perfect Tense in Direct Speech.
* Example: He said, "I went to the store." (Direct)
* He said that he had gone to the store. (Indirect)
* Future Tense in Indirect Speech becomes Conditional Tense in Direct Speech.
* Example: He said, "I will go tomorrow." (Direct)
* He said that he would go tomorrow. (Indirect)
* Present Perfect Tense in Indirect Speech becomes Past Perfect Tense in Direct Speech.
* Example: He said, "I have been here for an hour." (Direct)
* He said that he had been there for an hour. (Indirect)
* Present Continuous Tense in Indirect Speech becomes Past Continuous Tense in Direct Speech.
* Example: He said, "I am working." (Direct)
* He said that he was working. (Indirect)
* Past Continuous Tense in Indirect Speech becomes Past Perfect Continuous Tense in Direct Speech.
* Example: He said, "I was working." (Direct)
* He said that he had been working. (Indirect)
2. Change Pronouns:
* First-person pronouns in Indirect Speech change to reflect the speaker.
* Example: He said, "I am going." (Direct)
* He said that he was going. (Indirect)
* Second-person pronouns in Indirect Speech change to reflect the listener.
* Example: He said to me, "You are beautiful." (Direct)
* He told me that I was beautiful. (Indirect)
* Third-person pronouns in Indirect Speech remain the same.
* Example: He said, "She is coming." (Direct)
* He said that she was coming. (Indirect)
3. Change Time and Place References:
* Words referring to time and place are adjusted according to the context.
* Example: He said, "I will go to the park tomorrow." (Direct)
* He said that he would go to the park the following day. (Indirect)
4. Change Reporting Verbs:
* The reporting verb ("said," "told," "asked," etc.) may need to be changed based on the context.
* Example: He said, "Do you like this book?" (Direct)
* He asked if I liked the book. (Indirect)
5. Add "that" (optional):
* In some cases, you can add "that" after the reporting verb in Indirect Speech.
* Example: He said, "I am happy." (Direct)
* He said that he was happy. (Indirect)
Important Notes:
* Direct Speech is enclosed in quotation marks.
* Indirect Speech does not use quotation marks.
* Indirect Speech is generally used to report what someone said without directly quoting them.
Example:
Direct Speech: "I am going to the store," she said.
Indirect Speech: She said that she was going to the store.