1. Medical Model: This perspective views deafness as a disability or impairment that needs to be fixed. It focuses on the limitations imposed by hearing loss and the need for medical intervention, such as hearing aids or cochlear implants, to "cure" or "treat" it. This model emphasizes the individual's limitations and often leads to a sense of "deficit" for Deaf individuals.
2. Cultural Model: This perspective views Deafness as a unique cultural identity, language, and community. It recognizes sign language as a complete and valid language and celebrates the rich history, traditions, and values of the Deaf community. This model focuses on the strengths and assets of Deaf individuals and emphasizes the importance of inclusion and accessibility.
These perspectives are not mutually exclusive, and many Deaf individuals may identify with both. However, the cultural model is becoming increasingly recognized and advocated for as it shifts the focus from viewing deafness as a negative condition to appreciating its unique aspects and celebrating Deaf culture.