1. When a word is combined with a prefix:
* If the prefix ends in a consonant and the word begins with the same consonant, generally you do not hyphenate. Examples:
* "non-negotiable"
* "pre-empt"
* "re-evaluate"
* If the prefix ends in a vowel and the word begins with a consonant, generally you don't hyphenate. Examples:
* "cooperate"
* "intra-active"
* "over-run"
* There are some exceptions, though! Some words are traditionally hyphenated even when these rules apply, like "co-worker", "pre-existing", and "re-enter". You might also hyphenate to avoid ambiguity or mispronunciation.
2. When a word is combined with a suffix:
* Generally, you don't hyphenate a double consonant when adding a suffix. Examples:
* "unnecessary"
* "happening"
* "fullness"
3. When a word is used as a compound modifier:
* You might hyphenate a double consonant in a compound modifier to avoid ambiguity. Examples:
* "A well-planned trip"
* "A hard-earned victory"
* "A high-pressure situation"
4. Dictionaries are your best friend! If you're unsure, always check a dictionary to see how the word is spelled.
Key takeaways:
* Hyphenating double consonants is not a hard and fast rule. It depends on the specific word, the context, and whether it's a prefix, suffix, or compound modifier.
* Generally, you don't hyphenate double consonants unless it's necessary to avoid ambiguity or mispronunciation.
* Always consult a dictionary for the correct spelling.