1. Doctrine, Belief, or System:
* Capitalism: A system of economic organization based on private ownership of the means of production.
* Socialism: A political and economic theory advocating for social ownership and democratic control of the means of production.
* Feminism: The advocacy of women's rights on the grounds of political, economic, and social equality to men.
* Buddhism: A religion based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha.
2. Practice, Style, or Manner:
* Realism: A style of art or literature that depicts things as they are.
* Impressionism: A style of painting characterized by the use of short brushstrokes and vivid colors.
* Heroism: Courage, bravery, or noble qualities.
* Chauvinism: Excessive patriotism or national pride.
3. Characteristic or Condition:
* Racism: Prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against a person or people on the basis of their membership in a particular racial or ethnic group.
* Sexism: Prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against a person or people on the basis of their sex.
* Nihilism: The belief that life is meaningless and without purpose.
* Individualism: The belief in the importance of the individual and their freedom.
4. Abnormal Condition or Disease:
* Alcoholism: A chronic disease characterized by excessive alcohol consumption.
* Schizophrenia: A serious mental disorder characterized by hallucinations and delusions.
* Emphysema: A serious lung condition that makes it difficult to breathe.
It's important to note that the meaning of "-ism" can vary depending on the word it is attached to. Sometimes it's more about a philosophy or ideology, while other times it describes a specific practice or characteristic.