Here's how you can use contrast clues to improve your reading comprehension:
1. Identify Contrast Clues:
* Words: Look for words like:
* but, however, although, though, yet, nevertheless, on the other hand, in contrast, conversely, despite, while, whereas, instead, rather than, on the contrary
* Phrases: Pay attention to phrases like:
* In spite of this, despite the fact that, even though, while it is true that, on the one hand...on the other hand
2. Understand the Shift:
* Contrasting Ideas: Contrast clues indicate that the author is introducing an idea that is different from or opposite to the previous idea.
* Opposing Arguments: They can also signal that the author is presenting an opposing viewpoint or argument to strengthen their own point.
3. Analyze the Relationship:
* Comparison and Contrast: By understanding the contrasting ideas, you can analyze the relationship between them. Are they contradictory, complementary, or simply different perspectives?
* Author's Purpose: Understanding the contrast helps you grasp the author's intent and their overall argument.
4. Application in Reading:
* Active Reading: As you read, highlight or underline contrast clues and pay attention to the shift in the text.
* Summarizing and Note-Taking: When summarizing or taking notes, include the contrasting ideas and how they contribute to the overall message.
* Critical Thinking: Use contrast clues to analyze the author's reasoning and evaluate their argument's strength and validity.
Example:
"The new policy was designed to improve efficiency, *but* it ended up creating more confusion."
The contrast clue "but" signals that the author is introducing a negative consequence of the new policy, despite its initial intention.
By recognizing and analyzing contrast clues, you can develop a deeper understanding of the text, identify the author's purpose, and engage in critical thinking.