1. This (singular, near)
2. That (singular, far)
3. These (plural, near)
4. Those (plural, far)
5. Such (singular/plural, to emphasize a quality)
Here's how to understand their usage:
* This/These are used for things close to the speaker.
* "This book is interesting."
* "These cookies are delicious."
* That/Those are used for things further away from the speaker.
* "That building is tall."
* "Those flowers are beautiful."
* Such is used to emphasize a quality.
* "She has such a kind heart."
* "He made such a great speech."
Let me know if you'd like more examples!