General:
* One-way
* Single-direction
* Directional
* Linear
* Non-reciprocal
* One-sided
Specific to certain fields:
* Asymmetrical (for movement or flow)
* Unilateral (for actions or decisions)
* Monopolar (for electrical signals)
* Unipolar (for electromagnetic radiation)
Informal:
* Going only one way
* One-lane
The best synonym to use will depend on the specific context in which you are using the word.