The word "luck" has a much older origin. It comes from the Middle English word "lok," which itself derives from the Old Norse word "lukk" meaning "lot" or "fortune."
Lucifer is a name that has been associated with the Devil in Christian theology. The name itself comes from the Latin phrase "lux ferre," meaning "light bearer," which was originally used as a title for the morning star, Venus.
So, while both words have a connection to a celestial being, their origins and meanings are quite different.