Gerunds as Subjects:
* Swimming is my favorite activity. (The gerund "swimming" is the subject of the sentence)
* Walking the dog is a daily routine. (The gerund phrase "walking the dog" acts as the subject)
Gerunds as Objects:
* I enjoy reading. (The gerund "reading" is the direct object of the verb "enjoy")
* She finished writing the essay. (The gerund "writing" is the direct object of the verb "finished")
Gerunds as Objects of Prepositions:
* He is good at playing guitar. ("Playing" is the object of the preposition "at")
* I am tired of waiting. ("Waiting" is the object of the preposition "of")
Gerunds as Complements:
* His favorite hobby is fishing. ("Fishing" is the subject complement after the linking verb "is")
* My biggest problem is deciding what to eat. ("Deciding" is the subject complement)
Gerunds in Phrases:
* Learning a new language can be challenging. (The gerund phrase "learning a new language" functions as the subject)
* She is interested in traveling the world. (The gerund phrase "traveling the world" is the object of the preposition "in")
Gerunds with Possessive Pronouns/Nouns:
* I appreciate your helping me. ("Your" is the possessive pronoun modifying the gerund "helping")
* We were surprised by John's leaving so suddenly. ("John's" is the possessive noun modifying the gerund "leaving")
Important Note: A gerund is a verb form ending in "-ing" that functions as a noun. They can be used in various grammatical roles within a sentence.