For when "critical" means "essential":
* Crucial
* Vital
* Pivotal
* Imperative
* Paramount
* Indispensable
For when "critical" means "negative and judgmental":
* Faultfinding
* Censorious
* Hypercritical
* Scathing
* Negative
* Demanding
For when "critical" means "important for making a judgment":
* Analytical
* Evaluative
* Objective
* Discerning
* Judicious
* Insightful
Other synonyms for "critical":
* Decisive
* Serious
* Dangerous
* Urgent
To choose the best synonym, consider the specific meaning of "critical" in the context you're using it in.