* Hyperbole: An exaggeration used for emphasis or effect. In this case, "as fast as she could" is an exaggeration because it implies Alice was running at her absolute physical limit, which is unlikely to be true in most situations.
* Simile: A comparison using "like" or "as." There's no comparison being made in the sentence.
* Metaphor: A direct comparison that doesn't use "like" or "as." Again, there's no direct comparison being made.
The sentence "Alice ran as fast as she could" is an exaggeration meant to emphasize how quickly Alice was running.