How does John Henry Newman describe a gentleman?

John Henry Newman, in his famous sermon "The Idea of a University," doesn't offer a precise definition of a gentleman. However, he paints a picture of one through his description of a university's role in fostering a "liberal education."

Here are some key aspects of a "gentleman" as implied by Newman:

* Intellectually Curious and Broadly Educated: Newman believes a gentleman should be a man of "cultivated intellect," not just a specialist in a single field. He should be well-rounded in knowledge and have a love for learning for its own sake.

* Refined and Courteous: A gentleman is characterized by his manners, courtesy, and consideration for others. Newman emphasizes the importance of good breeding and an "urbane and polished" demeanor.

* Principled and Ethical: A true gentleman adheres to moral principles and acts with integrity. He is guided by a strong sense of justice and fairness.

* Humble and Unpretentious: Though knowledgeable and refined, a gentleman is not arrogant or ostentatious. He is modest in his accomplishments and avoids self-promotion.

* Loyal and Dedicated: Newman emphasizes the importance of loyalty to family, friends, and country. A gentleman is a reliable and steadfast individual.

It's important to note that Newman's concept of a gentleman is rooted in the Victorian era and reflects the social norms of that time. It emphasizes a certain level of privilege and social standing. However, the core values of intellectual curiosity, refinement, and ethical conduct resonate across time and cultures.

While Newman doesn't explicitly state a definition, his description of a gentleman emerges from his understanding of the ideal university graduate—an individual who is intellectually capable, morally sound, and socially adept.