Do all gerunds and participles end in -ing?

That's a good question! It's true that most gerunds and participles do end in -ing, but there are some exceptions. Here's the breakdown:

Gerunds:

* Always end in -ing. They act as nouns and can be the subject, object, or complement of a sentence.

* Example: *Swimming* is my favorite activity.

Participles:

* Most end in -ing, but there are some irregular verbs that have past participles ending in -en or -n.

* Present participles (ending in -ing) act as adjectives.

* Example: The *running* water was refreshing.

* Past participles can act as adjectives, part of verb phrases, or as the main verb in a sentence.

* Example: The *broken* vase was irreplaceable.

* Example: The dog had *eaten* all the bones.

Here's a table to summarize:

| Word Type | Ending | Example |

|---|---|---|

| Gerund | -ing | *Singing* is my hobby. |

| Present Participle | -ing | The *roaring* lion was terrifying. |

| Past Participle | -ing, -en, -n | The *written* letter was in the mailbox. |

| Past Participle | -en, -n | The *fallen* leaves were colorful. |

Key takeaway: While most gerunds and participles end in -ing, it's important to remember that past participles can have alternative endings.