Which of the following 20th-century figures influenced Modernist literature through their groundbreaking work on subconscious?

The 20th-century figure who most profoundly influenced Modernist literature through their groundbreaking work on the subconscious is Sigmund Freud.

Here's why:

* Psychoanalysis: Freud's theories of psychoanalysis, particularly his exploration of the unconscious mind, the id, ego, and superego, profoundly impacted the way writers viewed human psychology and behavior.

* Stream of Consciousness: Modernist writers like James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, and William Faulkner adopted the technique of stream of consciousness, which aimed to capture the free-flowing, often chaotic thoughts and feelings of characters, mirroring the subconscious.

* Symbolism and Ambiguity: Freud's work on dreams and symbols inspired writers to use symbolism and ambiguity in their works, reflecting the complex and often hidden meanings residing in the subconscious.

* Challenging Traditional Narrative: Freud's ideas challenged the traditional, linear forms of storytelling and narrative structure, paving the way for Modernist experimentation with fragmented narratives and unconventional forms.

While other figures like Carl Jung also explored the subconscious, Freud's impact on Modernist literature remains unmatched.