Formal:
* Ophthalmological examination
* Ocular examination
* Vision screening
* Eye checkup
* Comprehensive eye exam
* Refraction
Informal:
* Eye test
* Vision test
* Eye check
The best word to use will depend on the context. For example, if you are writing a medical report, you would use a more formal term like "ophthalmological examination". If you are talking to a friend, you might use a more informal term like "eye test".