Here are some key points from Achebe's critique:
* Africa as a "dark continent": Conrad's depiction of Africa as a savage, primitive, and uncivilized place, where darkness and evil reign, is deeply problematic. This portrayal reinforces colonial prejudices and ignores the rich and complex realities of African cultures.
* Dehumanization of Africans: The novel's African characters are largely portrayed as nameless, faceless, and savage. They are reduced to stereotypes, devoid of individuality and humanity. This dehumanization serves to justify colonial exploitation.
* Blindness to the impact of colonialism: Achebe argues that Conrad's focus on the psychological journey of Marlow (the European protagonist) obscures the real human cost of colonialism on both Africans and Europeans. He suggests that the novel ignores the systematic violence and oppression inflicted upon the African population by the colonial powers.
Achebe concludes that *Heart of Darkness* is ultimately a "disturbing" book because it reflects the racist and Eurocentric worldview of its time. He suggests that the novel's enduring popularity is a testament to the deep-seated prejudices and colonial biases that continue to shape our understanding of the world.
While Achebe's critique is highly influential and important, it's crucial to note that there are different interpretations of *Heart of Darkness* and its significance. Some argue that the novel's critique of European colonialism is more nuanced than Achebe suggests, while others acknowledge its shortcomings but still recognize its artistic merit.
Ultimately, whether or not *Heart of Darkness* can be considered a "great work of art" is a matter of individual interpretation and understanding of its historical and cultural context.