General synonyms:
* Nonliving
* Inorganic
* Nonbiological
* Physical
* Chemical
* Inanimate
* Lifeless
More specific synonyms:
* Geological: This emphasizes the connection to Earth sciences.
* Environmental: This focuses on the broader context of the environment.
* Physical: This emphasizes the physical nature of the component.
* Chemical: This emphasizes the chemical nature of the component.
Examples:
* Instead of "abiotic factors" you could say "nonliving factors" or "physical factors."
* Instead of "abiotic components" you could say "inorganic components" or "chemical components."
The best synonym to use will depend on the specific context of your writing.