What does William Shakespeare mean by the word rascal?

In Shakespeare's time, "rascal" had a slightly different meaning than it does today. While we might use it to describe someone who is a bit of a rogue or a mischievous person, Shakespeare used it more broadly to mean:

* A scoundrel or a rogue: This is the most common meaning of "rascal" in Shakespeare's works. He often uses it to describe characters who are dishonest, untrustworthy, or morally corrupt.

* A worthless person: Shakespeare also uses "rascal" to describe someone who is of low social standing or who is considered to be insignificant. This meaning is similar to the modern usage of "lowlife" or "scum."

* A mischievous or playful person: Sometimes, Shakespeare uses "rascal" to describe a character who is simply mischievous or playful, without any malicious intent. This meaning is closer to the modern use of the word.

Here are some examples from Shakespeare's works:

* "Thou art a rascal; a scurvy knave." (Henry IV, Part 1)

* "This rascal, this knave, this rogue, this villain." (Henry IV, Part 2)

* "The rascals, sir, are very civil." (As You Like It)

It's important to note that the specific meaning of "rascal" in any given instance will depend on the context of the passage. If you're unsure of the meaning, it's always best to consult a reliable Shakespearean dictionary or glossary.