* The narrator only knows what they've seen and experienced. They can't access the thoughts or feelings of other characters unless those characters explicitly share them. This can lead to a lack of understanding about motivations, relationships, and the larger context of events.
* The narrator might be unreliable. Their perspective can be biased, misinformed, or even intentionally deceptive. This can create suspense and complexity, but it also makes it difficult for the reader to fully trust the information presented.
* The narrator's voice can dominate the story. If the narrator is too self-absorbed or opinionated, it can detract from the other characters and the overall plot. This can limit the reader's ability to engage with the story on a deeper level.
Example:
Imagine a story about a detective investigating a murder. If the story is told in first-person by the detective, we only see the case through their eyes. We might not learn about the victim's past, or the motivations of the killer, unless the detective specifically investigates these aspects. The detective's own biases or personal involvement could also color their perception of events, making it difficult for the reader to form an objective judgment.
Despite these limitations, first-person narration can be incredibly effective. It creates intimacy with the reader, allows for a unique voice, and can be used to build suspense and create a sense of mystery. The key is to be aware of its limitations and use it strategically to enhance the storytelling.