Things to Avoid in Intros and Conclusions:
Introduction:
* Being too broad: Avoid vague statements that don't clearly establish the topic and purpose of your writing.
* Repeating the title: Don't simply restate your title in your introduction. Instead, provide context and introduce your main idea.
* Using clichés or overused phrases: Choose original language that engages your reader.
* Overusing "I" or "we": While using "I" can be appropriate in some contexts, try to use more objective language.
* Stating the obvious: Assume your reader is intelligent and knowledgeable about the topic. Don't waste space on basic information.
* Introducing irrelevant information: Focus on the main topic and avoid going off on tangents.
* Lacking a clear thesis statement: Your introduction should clearly state the main point or argument of your writing.
* Ending abruptly: Ensure a smooth transition from your introduction to the body of your writing.
Conclusion:
* Introducing new information: Your conclusion should summarize and reiterate key points, not present new information.
* Being repetitive: Avoid simply restating your introduction. Summarize your arguments in a concise and compelling way.
* Using weak language: Use strong verbs and clear language to leave a lasting impression on the reader.
* Offering excuses or apologies: Be confident in your work and avoid undermining your argument.
* Ending with a question: While some questions can be effective, avoid ending with a question mark unless it adds a thoughtful element.
* Being too sentimental or overly dramatic: Keep your conclusion grounded in reality and avoid unnecessary emotional appeals.
* Lacking a sense of closure: Your conclusion should provide a satisfying end to your writing.
General Tips:
* Keep it concise: Intros and conclusions should be relatively short and focused.
* Write them last: After you've finished writing the body of your work, revisit your intro and conclusion to ensure they accurately reflect your arguments.
* Engage your reader: Use strong language and interesting anecdotes to leave a lasting impression.
* Be confident: Trust your writing and present your ideas with conviction.
By avoiding these common pitfalls, you can craft effective and impactful introductions and conclusions that enhance your writing.