Here's a breakdown of the literal parts and potential translations:
* やらない (yaranai): "not doing" or "won't do" (negative form of "やる" - to do)
* か (ka): This is a question particle, similar to "or" in English.
Possible English translations:
* "Why don't you...?" This is the most common and natural translation, conveying a suggestion or invitation.
* Example: "ご飯食べに行かないか？" (Gohan tabe ni ikanai ka?) - "Why don't we go eat?"
* "Wouldn't you...?" This emphasizes a potential action, often implying a doubt or uncertainty.
* Example: "この映画見ないか？" (Kono eiga minai ka?) - "Wouldn't you want to watch this movie?"
* "Are you not going to...?" This is more direct and assertive, often asking for confirmation of an assumed action.
* Example: "宿題やらないか？" (Shukudai yaranai ka?) - "Are you not going to do your homework?"
Important Notes:
* The tone and nuance of "やらないか" vary greatly depending on context and the speaker's relationship with the listener.
* It's typically used in casual settings between friends or close acquaintances.
* It can sometimes be used as a playful challenge or a way to gauge someone's interest.
Example sentence:
"週末、一緒に映画見に行かないか？" (Shūmatsu, issho ni eiga mi ni ikanai ka?) - "Why don't we go see a movie together this weekend?"
The speaker is casually suggesting a fun activity to their friend.