Hausa:
* Centralized, Islamic-influenced administration: The Hausa states were ruled by emirs, who were Islamic scholars and military leaders. The emirs held absolute power, but they were advised by a council of elders and religious leaders.
* Hierarchical system: The Hausa society was stratified, with the emir at the top, followed by district chiefs, village heads, and commoners.
* Tribute and taxation: The emirs collected taxes and tribute from their subjects to fund the administration, military, and public works.
* Focus on trade and agriculture: The Hausa states were known for their vibrant trade routes and agricultural productivity.
* Influence of Islamic Law: The Hausa administration was heavily influenced by Islamic law, which governed many aspects of life, from governance to social interactions.
Igbo:
* Decentralized, kinship-based administration: The Igbo lacked a centralized political authority like the Hausa emirs. Instead, they were organized into autonomous villages and clans, each with its own chief or headman.
* Emphasis on age grades and lineages: Igbo society was based on lineage groups and age grades, which played a significant role in political and social life.
* Council of Elders: Decision-making power resided in councils of elders, who represented various lineages and age groups.
* Focus on communalism and self-governance: The Igbo emphasized communal living and self-governance, with a strong emphasis on collective responsibility and decision-making.
* Lack of a unified religious system: The Igbo had a diverse religious system with various deities and ancestral spirits, but there was no single overarching religious authority.
Similarities:
* Both were pre-colonial societies with complex social structures.
* Both had a system of law and justice.
* Both were adept at agriculture and trade.
* Both were known for their artistic traditions.
Key Differences:
* Centralization vs. Decentralization: The Hausa had a centralized system with absolute rulers, while the Igbo were decentralized and organized around villages and clans.
* Religious Influence: Islamic law heavily influenced Hausa administration, while Igbo society had a diverse religious system with no single dominating influence.
* Social Stratification: Hausa society was more stratified than Igbo society, with a clear hierarchy based on wealth and power.
It's important to remember that these are broad generalizations, and there was variation within both the Hausa and Igbo societies. The specific details of administration could differ from village to village and region to region. Nonetheless, the contrasting administrative systems of these two major groups offer valuable insight into the diverse political and social landscapes of pre-colonial Nigeria.