Regular Plurals:
* Countable Nouns:
* Simple: cat - cats, book - books, chair - chairs
* Adding -es: box - boxes, church - churches, bus - buses
* Changing y to i and adding -es: baby - babies, fly - flies, story - stories
* Adding -ves: knife - knives, wife - wives, wolf - wolves
* Uncountable Nouns:
* While uncountable nouns don't usually have a plural form, they can sometimes be used in a plural sense:
* "I bought three coffees."
* "She gave me some good advices." (Though grammatically, "advice" is more correct)
Irregular Plurals:
* Changing vowels: man - men, woman - women, foot - feet, goose - geese
* Adding -en: child - children, ox - oxen
* Staying the same: sheep - sheep, deer - deer, fish - fish
* Other irregular forms: tooth - teeth, mouse - mice, person - people
Special Cases:
* Compound Nouns: Sometimes the plural is formed on the first part (e.g., mother-in-law - mothers-in-law) or on the last part (e.g., attorney general - attorneys general), or both (e.g., passer-by - passers-by).
* Nouns ending in -s, -x, -ch, -sh, -z: They add -es to form the plural. (e.g., bus - buses, fox - foxes, church - churches, brush - brushes, buzz - buzzes)
Important Note:
There are a few nouns that are always used in the singular form, even when they seem like they should be plural. These are known as mass nouns or uncountable nouns. Some examples include: information, furniture, advice, water, and happiness.
Let me know if you'd like me to focus on specific types of nouns or provide more examples!