Here's a breakdown:
* Origin: The word "karma" originates from the Sanskrit word "कर्म" (karma), meaning "action" or "deed". This concept is central to Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, where it signifies the principle of cause and effect.
* Early Encounters: Early encounters between Europeans and Indian cultures, primarily through trade and exploration, led to the first translations and interpretations of the concept.
* Early 19th Century: By the early 19th century, "karma" began appearing in English literature and scholarship. This was influenced by the growing interest in Eastern philosophies, religions, and spiritual practices.
* Popularization: The concept gained widespread popularity in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, especially with the rise of Theosophy and other spiritual movements. Theosophists promoted the concept of karma, helping to solidify its place in English vocabulary.
* Contemporary Use: Today, "karma" is a well-established word in English, often used to refer to the idea that people's actions have consequences, both in this life and in future lives.
It's important to note that the meaning of "karma" in English is not always a perfect translation of its original Sanskrit meaning. The concept has been adapted and reinterpreted to fit different cultural contexts and viewpoints.