1. Subject: The noun that performs the action in a sentence.
* Example: The dog barked loudly. ("Dog" is the subject)
2. Direct Object: The noun receiving the action of the verb.
* Example: She threw the ball. ("Ball" is the direct object)
3. Indirect Object: The noun that benefits from the action of the verb.
* Example: He gave her a flower. ("Her" is the indirect object)
4. Object of a Preposition: The noun following a preposition (words like "of," "to," "from," etc.).
* Example: He sat on the bench. ("Bench" is the object of the preposition "on")
5. Appositive: A noun that renames or explains another noun.
* Example: The actor, a famous star, waved to the crowd. ("Star" is an appositive for "actor")
Remember that nouns can perform multiple functions within the same sentence.