As a noun:
* Her vanity was evident in her constant need for compliments. (referring to excessive pride in one's appearance)
* The old man's vanity prevented him from admitting his mistakes. (referring to excessive pride in oneself)
* The actress spent hours in front of the vanity, applying her makeup. (referring to a dressing table)
As an adjective:
* She bought a vanity license plate for her car. (referring to something related to personal pride or self-importance)
* He was motivated by vanity, not by a desire to help others. (referring to actions driven by a desire for personal gain)
In a figurative sense:
* The novel explores the vanity of human ambition. (referring to the fleeting nature of worldly goals)
* She learned the vanity of material possessions after losing everything in the fire. (referring to the emptiness of material things)
The meaning of "vanity" can be nuanced, so the context of the sentence is important.