Here's a breakdown:
* The subject is the noun (or pronoun) performing the action in the sentence. For example, in "The dog barked," "dog" is the subject.
* The subject tells us what is doing the action. So, we know that "the dog" is the one barking.
* This information can relate to another noun in the sentence. For instance, in "The dog barked at the cat," we learn that the dog (subject) is barking at the cat (object).
However, the subject doesn't always tell something about another noun. Sometimes, the subject's action is independent:
* "The sun shines." The sun (subject) shines, and there's no other noun involved.
So, the subject can tell us information about another noun, but it's not always the case.