1. Linguistic Units:
* Phonemes: Basic units of sound in a language.
* Morphemes: The smallest meaningful units of language (e.g., prefixes, suffixes, roots).
* Words: Combinations of morphemes with independent meaning.
* Phrases: Groups of words functioning as a unit (e.g., noun phrase, verb phrase).
* Sentences: Complete units of thought, typically containing a subject and a predicate.
2. Grammatical Features:
* Syntax: Rules governing sentence structure and word order.
* Morphology: Study of word formation and structure.
* Phonology: Study of sound systems in language.
* Semantics: Study of meaning in language.
* Pragmatics: Study of how language is used in context.
3. Other Linguistic Concepts:
* Language families: Groups of languages with a common ancestor.
* Dialects: Regional variations in language.
* Sociolinguistics: Study of language in social contexts.
* Psycholinguistics: Study of language processing in the mind.
* Computational linguistics: Study of language using computational methods.
4. Specific Linguistic Data:
* Texts: Written or spoken examples of language.
* Corpora: Large collections of linguistic data used for analysis.
* Dictionaries: Lists of words with their definitions.
* Grammars: Descriptions of language rules.
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