When used as a prefix, it generally refers to:
* Writing or recording information: Like in "autograph" (a person's own handwriting), "telegraph" (a way to transmit messages over long distances), and "biography" (a written account of someone's life).
* A visual representation: Like in "graph" (a chart or diagram showing data), "photograph" (an image captured with a camera), and "hologram" (a 3D image projected by light).
So, in essence, "-graph-" signifies the creation or representation of information, whether it's through writing, drawing, or capturing images.